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Objective To compare the effects of different extracts of Rheum palmatum on weight and tissue structure of hypothalamusand and pituitary of adult female rats,and screen the main reproductive toxicity extract.Methods The water,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and n-butanol extracts and water-soluble substance of R.palmatum were prepared by polarity gradient extraction method.Female adult rats were randomly divided into blank control group,rhubarb water extract group,and different extracts groups.The dosage of all the groups was equivalent to 4.00 g/kg crude rhubarb.Rats were administered with extracts by gavage for 60 d.Body mass growth rate of rats were calculated before and after administration.The pathological changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons and pituitary gonadal cell were observed with light microscope.Results Compared with the blank control group,the body mass growth rate of rhubarb water extract group was decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while those in the different extracts groups were increased (P ＜ 0.01);The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons of rhubarb water extract group showed chromatin marginalization,nissl substance dissolving,fuzzy boundary of nuclear membrane,as well as hell cells,and the total number of adenohypophysis cells reduced and the cells arranged in irregular.However,there were no apparent pathologic changes in different extracts groups.Conclusion Rhubarb water extract administration by long-term dose can reduce weight growth rate and result in pathologic changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis,while the different extracts can increase weight growth rate significantly and have little effects on the organizational structure ofhypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis.
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In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM] therapy has achieved substantial progress and development, playing an important role in clinical practice. In this paper, to explore the therapeutic effect of Astragalus in treating ischemic cerebrovascular disease, 2687 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease who had been treated with Astragalus therapy from Jan 2014-Oct 2015 were selected as the research objects. Through retrospective analysis of their medical records, we analyzed the application frequency of Astragalus using quantitative method of information, and conducted specific analysis on the therapeutic effect of Astragalus after fully surveyed patients' physical conditions after treatment. Results show that in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease by TCM, Astragalus is of high application frequency and sound therapeutic effect, which is deserved to be applied and promoted in clinical practices
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Objective To investigate the effects of astragalus injection on the morphology and expression of Apaf-1 in hippocampal neurons after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (reperfusion group) and astragalus injection interven-tion group (experiment group). The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model was established by Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method. The astragalus injection group was intraperitoneally injected with astragalus 6 mL/kg, 30 mins before sur-gery and repeated every 24 h. Rat brains were removed 24 h after reperfusion in each group. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampal neurons under the light microscope. The ultrastructural changes of hippocam-pal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to measure the expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1) protein. Results Compared with sham-operat-ed group, nuclear and mitochondrial damage was found in reperfusion group, and the expression of Apaf-1 protein increased obviously in hippocampus(Immunohistochemistry result:0.024 ± 0.001 vs 0.109 ± 0.011;Western blot result:0.270 ± 0.018 vs 0.894±0.072, P<0.01). Compared with reperfusion group, the damage in nuclear and mitochondria was relieved obviously in experiment group, and the expression of Apaf-1 protein in hippocampus was significantly decreased (Immunohistochemistry result:0.048±0.005;Western blot result:0.392±0.046, P<0.01). Conclusion Astragalus injection can reduce pathological damage of hippocampal neurons after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats, and the mechanism is related with inhibiting of Apaf-1 protein.
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Objective To investigate the effect of pathophysiology case-based learning(CBL)method on scores of pediatrics.Methods Undergraduates from 2005 grade at Chengde medical college were divided into two groups:experimental group(n=138,CBL method)and control group(n=136,conventional teaching method).The scores of pediatrics between the two groups were compared.The pediatrics test paper was divided into two types:type B,which was tightly connected with the pathophysiology knowledge and type F,which had less connection with pathophysiology knowledge.The accuracy rates of both groups were compared.Correlation analysis on scores between pathophysiology and internal medicine,surgery,pediatrics,obstetircs and gynaecology was made.Results No significant difference in total scores of pediatrics was observed between the two groups(P＞0.05);total accuracy rate of experimental group was higher than that of control group(P＞0.05);similar total accuracy rates of type F test paper were observed in both groups(P＞0.05);positive correlations in scores between pathophysiology and internal medicine,surgery,pediatrics,obstetircs and gynaecology were found.Conclusions Satisfactory long-term effect are received by applying pathophysiological CBL model since it can promote the application of pathophysiological knowledge in pediatrics,however,no apparent effect on students'clinical ability can be obtained from the mere application of CBL in pathophysiology course.